Basic IT Software Interview Question
Categories: Software
Ques 1. What is a framework? Ans. A framework is a tool that gives software developers access to prebuilt components or solutions designed to expedite development. Ques 2. Name the stages of the software development lifecycle (SDLC) Ans. The stages of the software development life cycle are: A. Planning B. Requirements gathering and analysis C. Design D. Coding and implementation E. Testing F. Deployment Ques 3. Compare waterfall and agile models and provide examples of their use cases Ans. The waterfall methodology is a sequential process where tasks are handled in a linear fashion. Generally, it’s best used when the requirements are clear, well-known, and entirely fixed. The agile methodology uses an iterative process that relies on cyclic patterns with a high degree of collaboration. Agile provides ample room for feedback and future adjustments, making it a better fit in cases where goals and requirements may shift, or other unknowns are likely to arise. Ques 4. What is refactoring? Ans. Refactoring is the process of taking care of existing code and restructuring it, typically to improve the code through small changes without altering its underlying behavior. Ques 5. How do functional requirements differ from non-functional ones? Ans. Generally, functional requirements define a system's operation, while non-functional requirements outline how a solution should perform or behave. Ques 6. Explain the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP) Ans. Object-oriented programming is a model that centers on data fields with distinct behaviors and attributes — referred to as objects — instead of logic or functions. Developers focus on the objects that need to be manipulated instead of the processes required to manipulate them. Ques 7. Have you ever created unit tests? Ans. Unit testing involves taking small parts of an application — referred to as units — and independently scrutinizing them to ensure correct operation. Ques 8. What debugging tools do you use? Ans. Here are some common debugging tools you might discuss: A. Affinic B. GDB C. LLDB D. Radare2 E. Valgrind F. WinDbg This is another question that focuses on individual experience. You’ll want to outline which debugging tools you’ve used during your career as a starting point. If you’re familiar with several, discussing use cases for each one can fill your answer out a bit. Ques 9. What are the OSI model layers? Ans. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers are: A. Physical, transmitting raw bit data over a physical medium B. Data Link, defining the data format C. Network, defining the physical path for the data D. Transport, transmitting data using protocols E. Session, responsible for ports and sessions control F. Presentation, displaying data in a usable format G. Application, enabling human-computer interaction Ques 10. Name API architectural approaches Ans. Here is an overview of some API architectural styles: A. Event-driven B. Hypermedia C. Pragmatic REST D. Web API